Political Cartoons and Republicans :: essays research papers fc

IntroductionThe Republican Party was founded by a coalition in 1854 and was comprised of former members of the Whig, Free-Soil, and Know-Nothing parties. The thraldom issue shattered Americas established semipolitical landscape and catapulted the Republicans from what seemed like nowhere straight into the White House in 1860. After Fremonts attempt at winning the presidency in 1856, Lincoln won the election four years later, cementing the Republican Partys desire for executive power. In the aftermath of the Civil state of war, the United States found itself politically gridlocked. Neither the newly formed Republicans nor the Democrats were able to gain much traction. The decades after the Civil state of war saw some of the closest and most controversial races in American history. The Rutherford B. Hayes commissioned election victory is a great example as he had fewer popular votes than Sam Tilden, but won the election under the guise of the Electoral College. The 1888 election w as also very close, as slight than 100,000 votes separated the leading candidates Benjamin Harrison again won by the rules of the electoral process but lost the popular vote. During the Gilded Age of American history, the mainstream political scene was superficial and intensely partisan, but the regular Joe loved it. Despite the lack of issues, writes Morton Keller, balloting and straight ticket voting in the 1870s and 1880s was at or near the highest level in American history. He also contends that policy had become subordinate to the sumptuous display of parades, bonfires, and pep rallies. nonessential this era of political advertisement and propaganda, the political system itself depended upon a spoils and patronage allowance, which gave rise to political corruption. Political cartoons and mass media grew up with the end of the Civil War as well. As Harpers weekly, Judge, Puck, and the New York World all competed for popular acceptance, they helped reform the political corrup tion of the time. After the critical election of 1896, the disposition of party conflict changed. The close competition between the parties in the post Civil War period was replaced by Republican dominance. Mckinleys defeat of William Jennings Bryan in 1896 and 1900 was followed by Republican victories in every presidential election until 1932, that for Woodrow Wilsons victories in 1912 and 1916. This will be explored later. As the Republicans also controlled Congress from 1896 to 1930, except for during Wilsons tenure, they were dominant everywhere but the South.

Re-entry Student :: essays research papers

Motivation to Return to SchoolI decided at that moment that I would return to school and graduate with my bachelor?s degree. I made a promise to myself that I would finish my education. If I complete my education, I would make my parents proud of me. Plus, I want to be the first person on either side of my family to attend graduate school. Adults return to college primarily because they desire a higher paying career or a professional job. This could be a registered nurse, an elementary school teacher, a policeman or an attorney. It could also be an accountant, a journalist, a librarian, an interior house decorator or a beautician (Smith, 2001). After being on the road for three years, I decided to check into returning to college at the University of Delaware and the University of Pennsylvania. Both universities certified me that I would have to retake my first two years that I had completed at Chattanooga State. I would have to commit for another quadruple to six years of colleg e. I did not have the while to do this. I wanted to be finished with my bachelor?s degree inwardly two years if possible. So, later, when they realize that their choices are limited, their futures sealed or semi-gelled, they decide that school is where they need to be (Smith, 2001).I had made arrangements for an apartment forward I had moved, so all I had to do was wait for the moving van to bring my furniture in. I went looking for a job and found a position with the Veterans Affairs. While I was unpacking and settling in, I filled out and submitted my paper work for UTC.After a few weeks, I received a response from UTC stating that I was accepted and could start fall semester. I was so excited about finishing my education. My major was Healthcare Administration. Older women -- those in their mid-20s and older -- returning to college make up better than half of the evening enrollments in area colleges. Nontraditional students are usually in their mid-20s to mid-40s, enrolling pa rt time vs. full time. They generally attend evening classes and have jobs and family obligations to balance with their studies (Richards, 1999).During the meeting with my advisor, I was advised that I would take an extra ten to fifteen classes before I could graduate. I was looking at the catalog at the course I could take and the advisor told me to take my freshman classes first before acquire into major classes.

The Outlaw Josey Wales :: essays papers

The Outlaw Josey WalesDyin aint much of a living The movie, The Outlaw Josey Wales, is an desperate tale of a man who lost all that mattered and now seeks revenge on the people that took it. The movie can be viewed as a typical revenge story, hitherto it works at other levels too. After having his first family taken, he searches for something to offer him that comfort again. Josey Wales, the main character travels through the epic cycle of losing everything, but at the end gaining it all back in another form. In the beginning of the movie we are throw into a horrible scene where renegade fraternity soldiers kill Wales family and burn down his house. Obviously this is symbolic of his death as a farmer and his current life. We then see him sifting through the charred form of his house, and lift a silver colored gun out of the black ashes. At this point he is reborn as a vengeful Josey Wales from the ashes of shame and death. For now his sole purpose in living is to seek r evenge on the people that took his pervious life away from him. Josey still needs a sense of unity, which a family brings. Jamie provided him this feeling of wholeness. However Jamie was shot, and slowly died. Ultimately his death brings Josey back to the beginning of his epic cycle. The period that Josey spends in the wilderness after losing his families is serves as the unconscious part of the cycle. During the dark phase is when most of the fighting occurs. Josey never killed without reason, and for that he kept the image of the hero intact. Laura Lee serves as the goddess in the epic cycle. Laura is what Josey needs to complete his search for family. By spending the night together, his past is cleaned from his mind. Laura also instills hope and a new credence. By the end of the movie Josey has erect a new family. The fact he did not spit on the floor of the house displays that he respects it as a dwelling grade for his new family.

Parachutes Investigation :: Papers

Parachutes probe Aim The aim of this investigation is to find out how one chosen inconsistent can affect the rate of descent of a derail. There are many different factors that can be taken into consideration and varied to take what has the best effects on the rate of descent. The options where a) The size of the canopy, b) The weight drag on the stick out, c) The length of the chords, d) The shape of the canopy to a fault the forces acting on the parachute had to be taken into consideration and appreciated for how they could be influenced or use to aid the rate of descent. The forces came in the form of air resistance and gravity. Procedure I chose to see what the effects of the weight the parachute had to support would have on the rate of its descent. My original prediction after some general thinking was that the heavier the parachute was, the faster the parachute would descend. I believe this to be totally full-strength as it is a l ogical thought process a feather falls slower than a hammer indicating heavier objects fall quicker than lighter objects. Also the aerodynamics matters, if a surface area of a side of a brick is overthrow out on a piece of paper and dropped at the said(prenominal) time as the brick the brick will hit the institute before the paper. This is because heavier objects fall to the ground quicker than lighter ones. The next question is why is this important? It matters because if something is dropping to fast or slow hence other variables can be changed to reproduction act this, e.g. the size of the canopy or the aerodynamics of the weight. The object that need to be controlled is air resistance this is made higher or lower by parts of the parachute. The more air resistance created by the canopy then the slower the parachute will fall. What also matters is how the weight is distributed from the parachute.Parachutes Investigation Papers Parachutes Investig ation Aim The aim of this investigation is to find out how one chosen variable can affect the rate of descent of a parachute. There are many different factors that can be taken into consideration and varied to see what has the best effects on the rate of descent. The options where a) The size of the canopy, b) The weight pulling on the parachute, c) The length of the chords, d) The shape of the canopy Also the forces acting on the parachute had to be taken into consideration and appreciated for how they could be influenced or used to aid the rate of descent. The forces came in the form of air resistance and gravity. Procedure I chose to see what the effects of the weight the parachute had to support would have on the rate of its descent. My original prediction after some general thinking was that the heavier the parachute was, the faster the parachute would descend. I believe this to be totally true as it is a logical thought process a feather falls slower than a hammer indicating heavier objects fall quicker than lighter objects. Also the aerodynamics matters, if a surface area of a side of a brick is cut out on a piece of paper and dropped at the same time as the brick the brick will hit the ground before the paper. This is because heavier objects fall to the ground quicker than lighter ones. The next question is why is this important? It matters because if something is falling to fast or slow then other variables can be changed to counter act this, e.g. the size of the canopy or the aerodynamics of the weight. The object that needs to be controlled is air resistance this is made higher or lower by parts of the parachute. The more air resistance created by the canopy then the slower the parachute will fall. What also matters is how the weight is distributed from the parachute.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold (Gabriel García Márquez) and The House of Bernarda Alba (Frederico García Lorca) :: essays papers

Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garca Mrquez and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Frederico Garca Lorca People will do and say almost anything to protect their reputations. Their reputations become such a large part of their lives that their thoughts and actions revolve around protecting and maintain them. In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garca Mrquez and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Frederico Garca Lorca, the characters focus their lives on building and maintaining good reputations. Bernardas life-time totally turn around her reputation. The Vicario brothers got so caught up in trying to regain the familys honor they were even willing to kill a man. Finally, In In a Grove, by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Tajomaru, Takehiko, and his wife all took credit for Takehikos death. They did this to receive some honor and try to better their reputations in a tough situation.Bernarda dedicates her life to insure that her family has a good reputation. She acts like this because she cares so much ab issue what other people think of her. Bernarda is constantly regulating the things that her daughters can and cant do. After their fathers death Bernarda wants to stick with tradition so she tells her daughters, during our eight years of mourning no wind from the street will lay this house She is forcing her daughters to shut out whatever social life they had to stay in Bernardas prison for eight years and mourn their fathers death. She forces her daughters to stay in the house because she thinks that if she lets her daughters out people will think that they are not sad about their fathers death and Bernarda doesnt want to appoint people a reason to talk about the family. Bernarda is so concerned what the neighbors think about the family that she tries to make sure that none of the familys business leaks out of the house, so the neighbors wont agree anything to talk about. During a dispute in her house she says, the neighbors must have their ears g lued to the walls. She is terrified that the neighbors may have heard something and now they will have something to gossip about. Bernarda is so concerned about the image of her family that other people see, she even tells her family what to wear. When Bernardas daughter Martirio is passage to go out into the courtyard, Bernarda says, very well, but dont take the kerchief off your head.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold (Gabriel García Márquez) and The House of Bernarda Alba (Frederico García Lorca) :: essays papers

Chronicle of a closing Foretold, by Gabriel Garca Mrquez and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Frederico Garca Lorca People will do and assert almost anything to protect their reputations. Their reputations become such a large part of their lives that their thoughts and actions revolve more or less protecting and maintain them. In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garca Mrquez and The House of Bernarda Alba, by Frederico Garca Lorca, the characters focus their lives on building and maintaining good reputations. Bernardas life totally revolved around her reputation. The Vicario brothers got so caught up in trying to regain the familys honor they were even willing to kill a man. Finally, In In a orchard, by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Tajomaru, Takehiko, and his wife all took credit for Takehikos death. They did this to receive some honor and try to better their reputations in a tough situation.Bernarda dedicates her life to secure that her family has a good reputation. She acts like this because she cares so much about what other slew think of her. Bernarda is constantly regulating the things that her daughters can and cant do. afterwards their fathers death Bernarda wants to stick with tradition so she tells her daughters, during our eight years of mourning no wind from the street will enter this dramatic art She is forcing her daughters to shut out whatever social life they had to stick out in Bernardas prison for eight years and mourn their fathers death. She forces her daughters to stay in the house because she thinks that if she lets her daughters out people will think that they are not sad about their fathers death and Bernarda doesnt want to give people a reason to talk about the family. Bernarda is so concerned what the neighbors think about the family that she tries to make sure that none of the familys business leaks out of the house, so the neighbors wont have anything to talk about. During a dispute in her house she says, the neighb ors must have their ears glued to the walls. She is terrified that the neighbors may have hear something and now they will have something to gossip about. Bernarda is so concerned about the image of her family that other people see, she even tells her family what to wear. When Bernardas daughter Martirio is going to go out into the courtyard, Bernarda says, very well, but dont take the kerchief off your head.

Critical Analysis on the Philosophy of Education

A philosophy of reading, as a requirement for admission to any sort of education program, has within it the inherent fault that it may not be a truthful reflection of the appli laughingstockt. Defining an instructors philosophy, in regards to any area of supposed expertise, lots results in page upon page of self-platitudes, false impressions and the required buzzwords. Does such an exercise really reflect on the true actions and intentions of the instructor in regards to his methodology, success and creativeness in the classroom setting? Does it accurately reflect his relationship to his students, and vice versa? Is such a philosophy almostthing that can be accurately described in mere words, or is it something better viewed in the physical space of learning?It appears that most philosophies beg, borrow and steal from the latest theories of what is considered to be the well-rounded educator. The writer is oblige to fill the required assignment with various educational stances a nd statements while often never developing their consume personal mission statement. They are often panic-stricken to say what they truly count in, instead stating what they think those that judge the work are seeking. Such a philosophy can be seen on paper, entirely is it visible in the classroom setting? Can you tell how talented, or horrible, a teacher I am from this simple reading? Or would a trip into my classroom for an entire day give a more comprehensive and factual assessment of my true educational philosophy.My philosophy, or what I give everyday in the educational setting, is simple and memorable. This philosophy, which has so far been successful in my short career, is to actually know your students and treat them as individuals. When teaching becomes difficult, forever and a day remember that they are only kids. separately one is vastly different than the next, and no two are even remotely alike. Each has varied interests, faults, problems, successes and distracti ons. Each has different, though not necessarily wrong, expectations, results and goals. There are no perfect students, and each must be evaluated on their accept personal gains.The first whole tone in accomplishing this philosophy of respect is focused, as everything should be, on the student. So often teachers grumble about the absence of respect aimed towards them, all the while ignoring the need for the students own validation of worthiness as an individual and simply not an occupied seat. Every year, six or seven students are removed from other classes and laid into mine. In each instance, demeaning remarks from an instructor orlack of communication? is the reason for the switch. I have found adapting my approach towards these students is often all that is needed to seem some educational gains. Does this mean that every student succeeds? Of course not, but those that make the effort without simply giving up do succeed, even if it is unnoticed by others.I attempt to do simple enforcement of this philosophy everyday in, and out of, the classroom. For example, I attempt to avoid being patronizing and condescending. I recommend teachers actually listen to the students when they talk, and when they do not utter a word. Treat all students the same, but also as individuals who are each unique in their own incredible way. They are just kids, so dont expect perfection. It is fine to set reasonable and challenging goals for students in relation to their skills and talents, but to expect them to live up to unattainable standards, such as your own, dooms them to failure. Know their limitations, and your own.All of this involves the instructor to take the time, effort and interest in actually knowing each student as the individual they truly are, both in and outside of the school setting. Failure to do so limits the effectiveness of any type of learning endeavor. The only losers in such a situation are the students themselves and may be detrimental to the entire edu cational process. Such loss that may by chance be penetrative enough to go unnoticed by all those involved.My education philosophy is not one thousand words in length, nor do I believe that any such personal mission statement should be expected to accomplish this feat. To do so would cloud its importance in vague assumptions and possibly pompous platitudes. It should be seen every day in the success, failure, effort, sacrifices, and abilities of the individual student, not in words and phrases with questionable intentions. Such a value statement can only be seen in the educational setting.

Effective Approach for Performance Management a Key for Company’s Existence Essay

In this very ch all in allenging world of managing organization, it is just ordinary that for some companies having to maintain their staff is sometimes impossible. dressing and separate forms of enhancement made people learn from the work designate to him. But still there argon times that these do not bowl over assurance that these people will stay or even serve the service provided with them.As most western countries starting to see potential of east manpower due to its low cost of labor, opportunities atomic number 18 also some other whiz that affects most local Asian countries which only mean that most extremely skilled professional from this region are starting to see bump life ahead if they go for an outside the country job. Countries like the Philippines, India, and China are just some of the top countries that when it comes to dollar gotten by their workers through overseas jobs has proved that it helps even the economy in having jobs from other country.But most of all it creates a divers(prenominal) life and future for families who sacrifice their life away from their family, just to find work abroad, but as they said, still the sweetest thing is in time to come. For companies this is wiz of the biggest challenges and this paper will try to provide some relevant information and well-recommended theories on how to somehow change and how does HR professional foresee it and be able to address the issue before it happen.Human Resource Management Policies Actually, HR management involves many categories, like in terms of general and measurement policies, which entails the standard operating procedure used by the company. The second one is the equal opportunity policy, which is gaining more popularity these days because the world has started to experience an increasing human body of workers going abroad only to find for better opportunity for the future of their family.Third policy are involving compensation management, while the fourth focuse s more on the benefits management policies, then fifth is management development and training and lastly is for record management policies. (Human Resource Policy, n. d. ). Among these lists of policies it will cover most of benefits, compensation think and management side. What are the relevant theories and border ones applied in improving coifance of staffs and encourage them to work more efficiently and effectively as well.Understanding subscribe to is an Important Aspect in Managing Performance Employees must always be a main concern in any organization In circumstance employees or staffs are also customers, which in most task term, that called as internal customers. They must be given extra attention because in on-key sense they are the ones that discharge the duties of true service in the organization.In the modern times, if finding how best corporation and highly productive and big rat lines companies, it is easy to find out that their priority to people is there li ke, the company provide better performance incentives, better vacation and even sometimes provided a well structured work scheduling since what the modern company needs is results and not just forcing employees to just come in to the office and waste a lot of resources. In short there should be a well organized process that the HR Management Team must do in addressing the need and concerns of the people within the organization.Importantly, companies must see employees as not just as staff that are being directed to what they need to do, boost them and giving them the respect they need and most especially the opportunity that for some and very few people must be given, because that is also what is happening to other company, which eventually brings the company in its downfall, and that is looking at these potentials as threat instead of making used of their abilities as talents and a tool for the success of the company. hotshot of the most accepted initiative that company must do is to provide incentive has been there in the business for many years and even it started during the earliest years. For employees or staff to be recognized may still be important and needed to be given by companies, but incentive is one factor in the needs of people that really provides an extra boost of energy for many in their way of work. This was also the reason why the scheme Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, which has given a clear directive to companies that people, has needs and they should not focus on customer needs but also their employees.Concepts and processes that behind be discussed about motivation and how it provides impact to human being, but there is only one and most prominent approach or theory in motivation and that is the Maslows Hierarchy of Motivation. In this theory there are five basic needs. The first one and the most basic needs is called the physiological needs which good examples are food, water, and comfort. At this point the company must answer the bas ic and most important need of the employee and that is they have to be pay accordingly. Second level is the Safety needs, the need for safety and stability.One good example is for them to live in a well secured environment or company where families can be safe and away from harm, or children being send to schools that has enough and well secured environment. Third level, Social needs, this pertains to social affiliation, and good example for this one is joining in an organizational group, which helps to improve better performance. Fourth level is Esteem needs, desire for self-respect, one good example here is for company recognizing best effort on the job rendered, like in terms of award or cash bonus, which adds value for the person and will motivate them more to perform better job.As well as motivating others to perform better in their respective jobs. Lastly, self actualization needs, these are considered to be the desires for self fulfillment. At this point a good example is b y company providing task to challenge the skills or knowledge of a potential employee. This is the most critical phonation because there are other companies that runs a political system in the company and prevents good people to be recognized and be given better challenges in their work. This is exactly what people within the organization are driven for in working their best. (Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, 2007).Performance Management ProcessThe different parts of performance management are as follows (1) Establishing Performance Goals, (2) Performance Plans, (3) Observation and Feedback, (4) Evaluating Performance, (5) Rewarding Performance, (6) Recognizing Performance Problems (Performance Gaps), (7) Performance Improvement / Development Plans, and lastly, (8) shoot Employees. In this list, the first one is establishing first the performance goal this is like the roadmap for the staff. The second one is for the staff to be given the plan which the company thinks in the future whet her there are some important changes in his career that may take place.Observation should also be needed in articulate to provide some follow-ups the next two is evaluating and of course rewarding, then recognizing them as well through awards and recognition. Find some improvement parts of the task assigned in order to improve and to raise the level of performance. Lastly, there should also be some generated policies in firing employees and should not just removing anyone from the job. (Employee Performance Management, n. d. ). telling Management of Employee Retention Rate a Reflection of Better performance Management Staff Retention, Employee Engagement and Talent Management StrategiesIn the US and it power also be common to all industries most especially multi-national companies that retaining a good and highly skilled staff is hard nowadays. Since the growing competition and the rough-cut issue if pirating good stuff from one company to another, which is sometimes, would not e ven take even days and then the staff, just transfer again to another company is becoming a perennial problem. In the US each day a good staff quits their employers for better job elsewhere, whether it may be better package which is very common or finding better working environment which may cause by too often pressure and demand.Approximately 200 billion USD is spending annually by the business in recruiting and replacing their employees. And this is not a good sign for the business since it incurs cost as well as organizational process dilemma which can affect performance. There are actually some key-points to address these problems and these are seven well applied practice or key factors applied by some of the well known consultancy firm that are being hire to assist companies face problem with retention of employees.First, is Better matching, this is a process on how to find better potentials within the company who maybe best to perform a specific job in the organization. It m ay also include preparation and training for the staff. Second, is Better Managers, here it will not only memorise how managers developed or build teams but also becoming a more personalized type of manager whose main duty is to carefully address the issues of the staff for him to perform quality results for the company, typical mentoring and coaching are done.Better integration, at this point, it is more on how to effectively collaborate new staff with alive ones, since there are issues that comes when these types of staff work together. For Better Connection, this is teaching how employees conduct themselves effectively through better relationship from his co-staffs as well as his supervisor or manager.Better Culture, on the other hand is preparing employee in facing multicultural type of customers, how they can be appreciated and can work effectively without experiencing dissatisfaction from their customers or colleagues from other nationalities, which are very common to multi -national companies. Lastly, is Better Accountability for Turnover, this is to teach or guide HR professionals in establishing technically sound approach and best practices in understanding the need of staffs in order to eliminate issues of retaining employees as well as other concerns.High-Turnover to High-Retention, n. d. ). Referral programs can also help employees in their performance because in this way they may not only recommend someone who they know but also they earn extra in every referral they do. The following are the most common reason why these program is being uses Lessen your recruitment spend, Increase candidate fit your company and teams, benefit on quality and volume in your talent pipeline, Reduce employee turnover, and lastly, Create a sustainable recruitment strategy by empowering your employees to refer

Gender Disparity a Menace in Society Essay

Gender Disparity a Menace in our society. all(prenominal) men were created equal. How about women then? It is a sad reality that gender is sleek over a basis for inequality in numerous parts of the world, especially in our nation. India remains the lowest ranked among BRIC countries in the Global Gender possibility index. It ranks 105 out of 135 countries. Health, Education, and Economic participation of women have India at its worst among BRIC countries. It ranks among the lowest when it comes to infant mortality and malnutrition among girls. Almost 8 million and to a greater extent missing girls with demographers projecting that by the year 2020 there would be 28 to 31 million surplus males in the 15 35 age group.The root of this lie in the very ego men have been holding since the dawn of civilization. Women are equated with sensitive, nurturing, cunning or wily and men with strength, courage, aggressiveness and agency amongst others. At least in India, a woman still needs th e anchor of a husband. India has witnessed gender inequality from its early history due to its socio-economic and ghost homogeneous practices that resulted in a wide gap between the position of men and women in the society. Clearly, then gender gaps that are widespread in access to prefatory rights, access to and control of resources, in economic opportunities and also in power and political voice are an impediment to development.There are so many an(prenominal) Crimes happening against Women and yet they are to be blamed for the crimes. Rape, sexual harassment in time extreme violence is blamed on the woman, for travelling alone, for wearing strange clothes, for daring to cross invisible boundaries. Women have always been considered to carry on the domestic work in our society. From cooking food to caring for the children and old of the house, from backwash clothes to cleaning the house. these are the things that our society expects and has been expecting from women. The men a re considered the Alpha of the house, they are the only one fit to earn, step out of the doorsteps and be intimate the Masculine world as we say.But there is another side of the coin, well not so severe as with the women but still, nowadays even men fall prey to this gender disparity. Here are some examples, ridiculing of Male nurses, Stay at home dads, Male domestic servants etc.All of this just makes me think, what have we actually become? Is this what God created us for? To discriminate and subjugate women under such orthodox beliefs, Can women never enjoy the corresponding freedom and security that men have? What we need today are trends where girls are able not only to break out of the culturally hardened patterns of employment but also to offer advice about career possibilities that look beyond the traditional pail of Jobs. It is surprising that in spite of so many laws, women still continue to live under stress and strain. To ensure equality of status for our women we stil l have miles to go, but as its said, A bow is all thats needed to ignite a fire, to ignite a revolution of change. Thus, it is rightly said Man and Woman are like two wheels of a carriage. The life of one without the other is incomplete.

Helping English Language Learners in the Classroom Essay

Learners from different background and surroundings have different perceptions towards learning slope. Their surroundings contribute to their more or less(prenominal) of understanding of towards English address learning. From urban to rural settings, most schools atomic number 18 in charge for educating English language to students. In relation to that matter, instructors of English language in schools are also facing several difficulties in teaching English in the classroom. The starting issue is age.In general, the older the student the more difficult it is for them to learn the second language naturally. It is advisable to enroll the child in the beginning levels so he/she hears a combination of English and his inborn language. Learners who are still young are like a white paper they can grasp and understand the rules and regulations of English grammar easily as they are non yet influenced by the other language. Teaching communication for them is also easy as they can abso rb the new things and comprehend the language with teacher guidance.Whereas older students or learners are exposed to many new things and they were influence from what they see, read and hear so the process of teaching English language is a little affected because of their prior knowledge. Older students need more support to encourage them to work hard in their studies, hence helping them to learn English language. The second issue is infixed language.Sometimes, native language plays a big role in influencing the learners to the new language. t can any(prenominal)times confuse them as some word in the first language has the spelling as the new language. So, the educator needs to be focus and consistent in explaining them. Hence, liquified in their native language is considered an extra credit too. A student who is good in his/her rules and regulations of his/her native language and also fluent in his first language is often considered as lucky. As such it is an advantage when the y are learning English.The proximity of speech sound for oral communication and whether or not the first language uses Roman letter for writing are also considered as an important factor in English proficiency. When there are some similarities of first language and English language the teaching of the target will be easier. The teachers and learners can both use their first language knowledge to be adopt and adapt in the learning of English language. Lastly, the third issue is literacy of parents.Parents who are not concerned with their children learning often have some effects to their childrens learning. This is same as parents who are not educated in school cannot help their children at home. So, the teaching and learning of English language in classroom at school will a little hard for the unexposed students. The level of literacy of a students parents may also affect the acquisition of written language. In average, the more fluent the parent the more fluent the child is.As it is mention earlier, the fluency of a learner in the native language promotes acquisition of English. Teachers need to know about their students cultures, it can help teachers to communicate to theirs students well. By doing this, it shows that teacher value their heritage and it will also throw overboard teacher to connect academic content to a students set of experiences and knowledge about the world. Eventually, students of target language whose native culture is set have a greater sense of self-worth and higher academic achievement.

Crimes Essay

Crime prevention is a major responsibility of law enforcement organizations. It is necessary to promote and maintain peace and order to the community by executing measures that lessens or diminishes crime rank as impacted by lawbreakers in society. Several ascendents bring about the decrease in crime rates in the community. These solutions do not solely depend on the roles and responsibilities expected to be carried out by law enforcement agencies, but excessively require cooperation from the pile in communities and the government. Crime prevention should be a group effort because the will to prevent crime is everyones concern.With this in mind, one possible solution for crime prevention is motivating the community to be vigilant and cooperative in responding to criminal offenses. natural law enforcement agencies cannot prevent crime without the help of other members of the community. In this case, the roles of victims, witnesses, and whistleblowers are magnified. When victims, w itnesses, and whistleblowers experience criminal offenses of any gravity or kind, they should report it to the police. This catches the attention of law enforcement agencies allowing them to respond to the situation in a timely and apt manner.Aside from experiencing criminal offenses, people should be able to inform the police of concerns regarding potential offenses observed in the community. Staying one step ahead is better, and by informing the police of concerns or observations, law enforcement agencies are able to plan ahead to prevent crimes from happening. Another way to prevent crime is by being vigilant or vigilant about oneself and his surroundings. People should take safety measures in order to protect themselves, their property, and other people from the harmful nature of offenses.This includes following tips on safety precautions as advised by the state, law enforcement agencies, and concerned citizens or private organizations (HCSO, 2008). Engaging in a joint effort by the neighborhood, such(prenominal) as the establishment of neighborhood watch groups, is also one possible way to reduce or eliminate crime. Crime prevention does not only necessitate cooperating with the police, but also with other members of the community. Neighborhood watch groups are composed of people from a neighborhood who are concerned with the communitys safety and are willing to provide assistance to law enforcement agencies for crime prevention.Through collaboration and teamwork, people in the neighborhood are able to prognosticate crime by evaluating their neighborhood and determining what steps to take in order to increase peace and order in their area. (Solutions for America, 2003) Technology and innovation also play a major part in reducing or eliminating crimes committed by offenders in the community. Law enforcement agencies use randomness technology in order to prevent crime and capture offenders.Crime rates, data sheets, and other background information abou t crimes, criminals, usual victims, and environments where crimes take place, etc. re stored electronically in a database managed and maintained by law enforcement agencies. Through this system or database, law enforcement agencies are able to share or view this information whenever needed for reference when it comes to predicting criminals patterns of potential risks that may cause the rise in crime rate in a particular situation. (SCRA, 2008) Continuous research and advanced(a) techniques are being employed by private organizations in order to improve technologies that are being used by law enforcement agencies.For instance, the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center or NLECTC is active in research and experimentation in order to improve the quality, features, and functions of law enforcement technologies, making them more meet for crime prevention and criminal capture. Since technology demands high fees, it is the role of the state or federal government to a llocate funds for this cause because technological proficiency improves the performance of law enforcement agencies.Using technology automates law enforcement work, making it more efficient and timely in crime prevention. SCRA, 2008) Some of the gadgets that law enforcement use that assists in reducing or eliminating crimes committed by offenders include lightweight body armors, drug-recognition tools (through pupil scanning), cars (such as the Lotus Exige S which increases road safety for police officers curiously when in pursuit), gunshot location technologies (computer that supervises specific areas to detect gun shots), video intelligence softwares for computers (may be used in houses, business companies, etc. or superintendence purposes), LED Incapacitator (it is a flashlight which emits LED light that restrains individuals when they look directly at it), and armed robots (apparently, some robots are utilized by law enforcement agencies by arming it with taser guns. (Gizmag, 2008) Focusing on rehabilitating crime offenders is also a plausible way in preventing criminal offenses. Restorative Justice is one way of rehabilitating criminals in order to reintegrate them back into society.It includes motivating jailed offenders to contribute to the community as a form of penalty. Restorative Justice also focuses on restoring modify to the victim and the community as a result of criminal actions taken by offenders. As a way to pay for crime offenses committed by offenders, they should be able to take necessary actions to patch up the relationship between the victim and the community to the offender.Through the penalties imposed to criminals, they are able to hold how to become responsible and cooperative citizens who area belt to make the right decisions. Moreover, restorative justice eliminates recidivism because it provides offenders the chance to correct their mistakes and become a valuable and accountable part of society.

Chapter 13 Guided Reading

Guided Reading Chapter 13 Terms 1. Tropics- Areas with high humidity and temperatures 2. Monsoons- an bubble over of water from rivers 3. Ecosystems- communities of living things within a certain climare 4. Bilad al-sudan- West African Jewish communities who were connected to cognise Jewish communities from the mediate East, North Africa, or Spain and Portugal. 5. Dhow whatever of various types of sailing vessels used by Arabs on the east African, Arabian, and Indian slides, generally lateen-rigged on two or three masts. 6. Swahili a division of a Bantu people of Zanzibar and the neighboring coast of Africa.Also, Kiswahili, ki-Swahili. the Bantu language of the Swahili people, used also as a lingua franca in Tanzania, Kenya, and parts of the elected Republic of the Congo. 7. Urdu- an official language of Pakistan, also spoken in India. The script derives primarily from Persia. It belongs to the Indic branch of the Indo-European family of languages, being closely related to Hi ndi scarce containing many Arabic and Persian loan words 8. Junks- Chinese Ships that can contain up to 40 tons Places 9. Niger River the principal river of western Africa, extending about 4,180 km 10.Indus River is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through western Tibet (in China) and Northern India. 11. The Ganges a trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The 1,569 mi river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian tell of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. 12. Mekong River- a river in Southeast Asia. is 4,350 km From the Tibetan plateau this river runs through Chinas Yunnan province, Burma (Myanmar), Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. 13.Swahili Coast-The Swahili Coast refers to the coast or coastal area of East Africa inhabited by the Swahili people, mainly Kenya, Tanzania, and north Mozambique. The term may also include the island s such as Zanzibar, summit or Comoros which lie off the Swahili Coast. 14. Strait of malacca cane is a narrow, 805 km (500 mi) stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is named after the Malacca Sultanate that rule over the archipelago between 1414 and 1511. 15. Mogadishu the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battutas appearance on the Somali coast in 1331, the city was at the zenith of its prosperity.He described Mogadishu as an exceedingly large city with many rich merchants, which was famous for its high quality fabric that it exported to Egypt, among other places. He added that the city was ruled by a Somali Sultan originally from Berbera in northern Somalia who spoke both Somali and Arabic with equal fluency. The Sultan also had a retinue of wazirs (ministers), juristic experts, commanders, royal eunuchs, and other officials at his beck and call. 16. Kilwa -Kilwa Kisiwani is a community on an island off the coast of East Africa, in present day Tanzania. 7. Aden In 1421, Chinas Ming dynasty Yongle Emperor legitimate principal minister plenipotentiary grand eunuch Li Xing and grand eunuch Zhou Man of Zheng Hes fleet to convey an imperial edict with hats and robes to bestow on the king of Aden. The envoys boarded three treasure ships and set sail from Sumatra to the port of Aden. This event was recorded in the book Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan who accompanied the imperial envoy 18. Malabar Coast The Malabar Coast is a long and narrow coastline on the south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent.Geographically, it comprises the wettest regions of southern India, as the Western Ghats intercept the moisture-laden monsoon rains, especially on their westward-facing mountain slopes. The term Malabar Coast is also roughtimes used in reference to the entire Indian coast from the western coast of Konkan to the tip of the subcontinent at Cape Comorin. 19. Malacca the third smallest Malaysian state after Per lis and Penang. It is located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Straits of Malacca. It borders Negeri Sembilan to the north and Johor to the south.Malacca was founded by Parameswara, also cognize as Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara, the last Raja of Singapura (present day Singapore) following a Majapahit attack in 1377. He found his way to Malacca around 1400 where he found a good portit was accessible in all sea word of honors and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. 20. Timbuktu The outset mention is by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who visited both Timbuktu and Kabara in 1353 when returning from a stay in the capital of the Mali conglomerate. 25 Timbuktu was still relatively unimportant and Battuta quickly moved on to Gao.At the time both Timbuktu and Gao formed part of the Mali Empire. A snow and a half later, in around 1510, Leo Africanus visited Timbuktu. He gave a description of the town in his Descrittione dellAfr ica which was published in 1550. 26 The original Italian was translated into a number of other languages and the book became widely known in Europe. 27 Empires/ Kingdoms 21. Delhi Sultanate atomic number 23 short-lived dynasties, Delhi base kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty.The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (120690) the Khilji dynasty (12901320) the Tughlaq dynasty (13201414) the Sayyid dynasty (141451) and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (14511526). 22. Mali Empire a West African empire of the Mandinka from c. 1230 C. E. to c. 1600. C. E. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Mansa Musa I. The Mali Empire had many profound cultural influences on West Africa, allowing the spread of its language, laws and customs along the Niger River.It extended over a large a rea and consisted of numerous vassal kingdoms and provinces. 23. Kanem- Bornu existed in modern Chad and Nigeria. It was known to the Arabian geographers as the Kanem Empire from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900. At its height it encompassed an area covering not only oftentimes of Chad, but also parts of modern southern Libya, eastern Niger, northeastern Nigeria and northern Cameroon. The history of the Empire in the longue duree is mainly known from the Royal fib or Girgam discovered in 1851 by the German traveller Heinrich Barth. 4. Gujarat From 1297 to 1300, Allauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, destroyed Anhilwara and incorporated Gujarat into the Delhi Sultanate. After Timurs sacking of Delhi at the end of the fourteenth century weakened the Sultanate, Gujarats Muslim Rajput governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ishaan Shah (ruled 1411 to 1442), restructured Ahmedabad as the capital. 25. B ahmani Kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in South India and one of the immense medieval Indian kingdoms. Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Islamic Kingdom in South India. 6. Vijayanagar Empire an empire based in South India, in the Deccan Plateau region. It was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty and Dhangar / Kuruba Gowda lineage. 27. Great Zimbabwe Great Zimbabwe acted as a royal palace for the Zimbabwean monarch and would capture been used as the seat of their political power. One of its most prominent features were its walls, some of which were over five metres high and which were constructed without mortar. Eventually the city was abandoned and pilot into ruin. Individuals / Peoples 28.Muhammed ibn Ab-dullah ibn Buttata a Muslim Moroccan explorer, known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. Journey). Over a period of thirty years, he visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands his expeditions including trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Europe in the West, and to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China in the East, a distance surpassing threefold his near-contemporary Marco Polo. Ibn Battuta is considered one of the greatest travellers of all time.He journeyed more than 75,000 miles (121,000 km), a frame of reference unsurpassed by any individual explorer until the coming of the Steam Age some 450 years later. 29. Sundiata founder of the Mali Empire 30. Mansa Kankan Musa the tenth Mansa, which translates as King of Kings or Emperor, of the Malian Empire. At the time of Mansa Musas rise to the throne, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belonging to the Ghana Empire and Melle (Mali) and present(prenominal) surrounding areas, and Musa held many titles, including Emir of Melle, Lord of the Mines of Wangara, and Conqueror of G hanata, Futa-Jallon, and at least another dozen states. 1. Mansa Suleiman mansa of the Mali Empire from 1341 to 1360. The brother of the powerful Kankan Musa I, he succeeded Musas son Maghan to the throne in 1341. His son Kassa briefly assumed the throne following his expiry in 1360, but was succeeded the same year by Maghans son Mari Diata II. 32. Sultan Iltutmish He was a slave of Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-dins successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the Delhi Sultanate in 1211.He shifted Capital from Lahore to Delhi, remained the ruler until his death on May 1, 1236. Iltutmish introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital-the two basic coins of the Sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. He introudced Iqtadari system division of empire into Iqtas, which were designate to the nobles and officers in lieu of salary. 33. Sultan Raziya First female Sul tan referred to as Razia Sultana was the Sultana of Delhi in India from 1236 to May 1240. She was of Seljuq slave ancestry and like some other Muslim princesses of the time, she was trained to lead armies and administer kingdoms if necessary.Razia Sultana, the fifth Mamluk Sultanate was the only woman ruler of both the Sultanate and the Mughal period. Important Events 34. Mansa Musas Pilgrimage Musas journey was documented by several eyewitnesses along his route, who were in awe of his wealth and extensive procession, and records exist in a variety of sources, including journals, oral accounts and histories. Musa is known to have visited with the Mamluk sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt in July 1324. Questions to Outline 1.The ecosystems in Africa are controlled by their location in comparison with the equator and there are many different ecosystems with in a tropical environment which is an area with a high temperature and humidity. 2. It mobilized the labor of ordinary people in order to produce surpluses, helped support powerful states and fat commercial systems. 3. Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 13th to the 16th centuries, though earlier Muslim conquests made limited inroads into North India as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 7th century.Some historians consider parts of the conquest the bloodiest chapter in human history. 4. The Indian Ocean trade has been a samara factor in EastWest exchanges. Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, horticultures, and civilizations stretch from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. Cities and states on the Indian Ocean rim were Janus-faced. They looked outward to the sea as much as they looked inward to the hinterland. In the contemporary period, the re-assertion of Asias cultural, political, and economic trength has manifested itself in varied events such as the meteoric rise of the Chines e economy and the growing influence of Indias culture industry, and the rise of Dubai as a global financial hub. These processes indicate a gradual movement of the fulcrum of global economic and military exchanges away from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, a shift which is being keenly watched by national elites and global institutions. 5. Their status was determined by males, Tasks were cooking, brewing and farm work, family organization was important in society and some women didnt adopt veiling. . The spread of Islam, Commercial contacts and the rise of Mali and Ghana. These changed many things with in the people such as what rights they had, the amount of slavery, taxes and trade, economy was based off gold and their religion. 7. They made certain adjustments such as irrigation systems, and adopted different means of surviving such as wild food and tip hunting, herding and grain trade, farming of rice, wheat , sorghum and millet. They also built dams and reservoirs.

Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child

Being an that child substructure be either proper or bad, depending on how you perceive it and how you are brought up by your parents. The advantages could be that you protrude the undivided love and attention of your parents. They would dote on you more and deliver the goods for you more in terms of getting you stuff, toys, etc. Obviously, creation an only child means that your parents have only you to spend the m wizardy on and non have to share it among other siblings. So, youd get more toys than normal, more money to spend than normal, more inheritance than normal, and of course more love from your parents than normal.So, in that sense, being the only child can be termed as a good thing. As far as disadvantages go, the flyspeck Emperor Syndrome sums it up perfectly. For those unfamiliar with the term, Little Emperor Syndrome refers to the Chinese situation involving parents and their single child. Of course, all of you would be aware of Chinas one-child policy. Little Em peror Syndrome is an unintended consequence of that policy. This is a situation in which the parents full their love, attention, resources on this one child of theirs, and as a result, the child becomes spoilt and, well, behaves like a Little Emperor. This sort of excessive attention and care can prove detrimental in the long term for the child. The child gets used to having everything done, managed, taken care of by their parents. When they have to live in the real universe of discourse and face real problems, they might not be able to cope with it. They may lack self-confidence to go out in the world and get things done for themselves. They might feel lost outside of the cocoon that their parents created for them. Being an only child can also be very lonely. They would miss the shimmer of development up with a buddy or sister.An only child can also grow up to be a selfish adult, i. e. one who thinks primarily of his/her needs over the needs of others. They may also lack in th e ability to empathize with others as much as children with siblings. Another voltage disadvantage of being an only child could be the excess burden on your shoulders as regards taking care of your parents, for example. It can take an emotional cost on you, being the only child with all the responsibilities. My Experience of not Being the Only Child in my Family So, there are advantages and disadvantages to being an only child.However, how each child turns out really depends on how the child has been brought up, among other factors. Personally, I always wished I was the only child in my family. Perhaps, its not a nice thing to say, but thats how I feel You know, the grass always seems greener on the other side. In my specific situation, the age gap between me and my brother was just 3 years, and therefore, there was a lot of rivalry and acrimony between us all through childhood it affected me quite a bit, not the usual childhood fights, which you grow out of.Being the eldest in my family, I always felt that I was not treated moderately when it came to certain situations, especially conflict situations. I was always expected to be magnanimous and large-hearted and forgive and forget whereas my younger brother was doted on and shielded. I still feel that to be the case to this day. We do get along much better now, but it isnt your usual loving relationship more bollock than familial. My mom still dotes on my little brother to no end, which is good, but she doesnt see me the same way, which is what I regret and bemoan. Ive never quite understood this difference.At times, I think to myself that this is all my imagination that I am just seeing things that arent there That there is really no discrimination so to speak. But, wherefore again, there is a difference, you know what I mean? Perhaps, a lot of you would have no clue about what I am talking about. and then again, there may be a lot of you who know exactly what I am talking about, so there you have it I am sure, there would be lots of single, lonely people out there, who were the only child in their families, who would have wished they had a brother or sister growing up. So, there are pros and cons to both

Radical

INTRODUCTION Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889. He died on 27 May 1964. He was an Indian statesman who was the first (and to date the ampleest-serving) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. unmatched of the leading figures in the Indian independence movement, Nehru was elected by the Congress Party to assume slip as independent Indias first eyeshade Minister, and re-elected when the Congress Party won Indias first general pick in 1952. As one of the founders of the Non-aligned Movement, he was to a fault an important figure in the international administration of the post-war era.He is frequently referred to as Pandit Nehru (pandit being a Sanskrit and Hindi honorific meaning scholar or teacher) and, specifically in India, as Panditji (with -ji being a honorific suffix). The son of a wealthy Indian barrister and politician, Motilal Nehru, Nehru became a leader of the left wing of the Indian content Congress when still fairly young. come up to become Congr ess President, under the mentorship of Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru was a charismatic and radical leader, advocating complete independence from the British Empire.In the long struggle for Indian independence, in which he was a key player, Nehru was eventually recognized as Gandhis semipolitical heir. Throughout his life, Nehru was also an advocate for Fabian socialism and the public sector as the means by which long-standing challenges of economic development could be addressed by poorer nations. PERSONAL LIFE AND EDUCATION Jawaharlal Nehru was born to Motilal Nehru (18611931) and Swaroop rani (18631954) in a Kashmiri Pandit family. Nehru was educated in India and Britain. In England, he attended the independent boys school, harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge.During his time in Britain, Nehru was also known as Joe Nehru. On 8 February, 1916, Nehru married seventeen year old Kamala Kaul. In the first year of the marriage, Kamala gave birth to their only child, Indira Priyadarshini. Life and career Nehru raised the flag of independent India in New Delhi on 15 August 1947, the day India gained Independence. Nehrus appreciation of the virtues of parliamentary democracy, secularism and liberalism, coupled with his concerns for the poor and underprivileged, are recognized to have guided him in formulating socialist policies that influence India to this day.They also reflect the socialist origins of his worldview. He is sometimes referred to as the Architect of Modern India. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, and grandson, Rajiv Gandhi, also served as Prime Ministers of India. Successor to gandhi On 15 January 1941 Gandhiji said, Some say Pandit Nehru and I were estranged. It will require much more than difference of opinion to estrange us. We had differences from the time we became co-workers and yet I have said for some geezerhood and say so now that non Rajaji but Jawaharlal will be my successor. FinalyearsNehru had led the Congress to a major victory in the 1957 elec tions, but his government was facing rising problems and chiding. Disillusioned by intra-party decomposition and bickering, Nehru contemplated resigning but continued to serve. The election of his daughter Indira as Congress President in 1959 aroused criticism for alleged nepotism, although actually Nehru had disapproved of her election, partly because he considered it smacked of dynasties he said, indeed it was wholly undemocratic and an undesirable affair, and refused her a position in his cabinet.Indira herself was at loggerheads with her father over policy most notably, she used his oft-stated own(prenominal) deference to the Congress Working Committee to push through the dismissal of the Communist Party of India government in the state of Kerala, over his own objections. Nehru began to be frequently embarrassed by her ruthlessness and curve for parliamentary tradition, and was hurt by what he saw as an assertiveness with no purpose separate than to stake out an identity in dependent of her father.Although the Pancha Sila (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence) was the basis of the 1954 Sino-Indian treaty over Tibet, in afterward years, Nehrus foreign policy suffered through increase Chinese antagonism over border disputes and Nehrus decision to bear asylum to the Dalai Lama. After years of failed negotiations, Nehru authorized the Indian Army to annex Goa from Portugal in 1961. While increasing his popularity, Nehru received criticism for opting for military action. In the 1962 elections, Nehru led the Congress to victory yet with a small majority.Opposition parties ranging from the right-wing Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Swatantra Party, socialists and the Communist Party of India performed well. In a matter of months, the border disputes with China turned into unbuttoned conflict. Nehru assumed that as former victims of imperialism (India being a colony itself) they shared a sense of solidarity, as expressed in the phrase Hindi-Chini bhai bhai (In dians and Chinese are brothers). He was dedicated to the ideals of brotherhood and solidarity among developing nations.Nehru, credulously, did not believe that one fellow Socialist country would attack another and in any event, he felt secure behind the impregnable wall of ice that is the Himalayas. Both proved to be laborious miscalculations of Chinas intentions and military capabilities. Following reports of his intention to confront Chinese occupation of the disputed areas summarised in a memorable statement that he had asked the Army to throw them (Chinese) out China launched a pre-emptive attack.In a matter of days, a Chinese invasion of northeastern India exposed the weaknesses of Indias military as Chinese forces came as far as Assam. Widely criticized for his governments insufficient attention to defence, Nehru was forced to sack the defence minister Krishna Menon and seek U. S. military aid. Nehrus health began declining steadily, and he was forced to spend months recup erating in Kashmir through 1963. Some historians attribute this dramatic decline to his rage and chagrin over the invasion of India by the Chinese, which he perceived as a betrayal of trust.Upon his interpret from Kashmir in May 1964, Nehru suffered a stroke and later a heart attack. He died in the earlier hours of 27 May 1964. Nehru was cremated in accordance with Hindu rites at the Shantivana on the banks of the Yamuna River, witnessed by hundreds of thousands of mourners who had flocked into the streets of Delhi and the cremation grounds. LEGACY As Indias first Prime minister and external affairs minister, Jawaharlal Nehru played a major role in shaping modern Indias government and political culture along with sound foreign policy.He is praised for creating a constitution providing universal primary education, reaching children in the farthest corners of rural India. Nehrus education policy is also attribute for the development of world-class educational institutions such as the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Institutes of Technology, and the Indian Institutes of Management. In addition, Nehrus stance as an unfailing nationalist led him to also implement policies which stressed raunch among Indians while still appreciating regional diversities.This proved particularly important as post-Independence differences surfaced since British withdrawal from the subcontinent prompted regional leaders to no longer relate to one another as allies against a common adversary. While differences of culture and, especially, language threatened the unity of the new nation, Nehru established programs such as the National Book Trust and the National Literary Academy which promoted the translation of regional literatures between languages and also organized the transfer of materials between regions. In pursuit of a single, unified India, Nehru warned, Integrate or

Operation Management †Process choice and Layout planning Essay

Characteristics of fuddle, jobbing, batch, flow, and bear on resultion systems, with examples for each(prenominal).Project, jobbing, batch, flow and process harvest-timeion are the process types used in manufacturing. The figure under shows the trade off among volume and var. of outputs. In choosing one of these systems, highschool volume actor low variety and high variety means low volume.(see figure 1)Project processes The essence of project processes is that they are all different, so really low volume and genuinely high variety. The identification of activities and their human relationship are uncertain, they can change during the ingatheringion process itself. Each job has a defined egress and finish and the time interval between starting two different jobs is quite long. The resources must be organised exclusively for each project and they are re-al dictated after the end of them. Examples of this system are cinema production companies obviously every single mo vie is different from the others.Jobbing processes As for project processes, they deal with high variety and low volume. The difference is that the resources are not organised especially for each project, each product has to share them with many others. Although all the products supplicate the same attention, each will differ in its take on needs. Jobbing requires a general purpose layout and highly skilled and versatile workers to interpret drawings and specifications. An example is a painter, who sells his hold skill.Batch processes With higher volume and lower variety than jobbing process, the essence of these processes is that each time they produce a product, they produce more than one. The size of the batch can be very small (e.g. two or three), therefore batch process becomes very similar to the jobbing, but usually the batches are large, with repetitive operations. They requirecareful planning and control to ensure proper use and fan stocks to decouple processes. Final ly they typically implies high Work in Progress between work centres. An example could be the production of music instruments.Flow processes This kind of process is dedicated to the production of a low variety of product in a high volume. Products are perceived as standard, even if there are superficial differences between them. The process does not have to stop to accommodate differences between products. There are not buffer stocks between processes, that means zero set up time. All workstations must operate to the same roulette wheel time. The classical example is an automobile plant, like every mass operations it is repetitive and predictable.Processes production Characterised by very high volume and almost zero variation. Products lend themselves to flow, just abouttimes they are literally continuous, cosmos produces in an endless flow. They require very high capital investment in equipment. The process is turn up before beginning and it usually needs very low manual int ervention. An example is the paper making.LAYOUT provisionExplain the differences between fixed position, product, process, and a cell system layouts, indicating a suitable application for each one.One of the most obvious characteristics of an operation is deciding where to put all the facilities, machines, materials, staff, etc. This is what layout concerns, the physical fixture of the transforming resources and the way in which the modify resources flow with the operation. There are four basic layout types. heady position layout The process recipient remains stationary and the equipment, machinery, plant and people, instead of the transforming resources, move through it. It happens because the product is too large ordelicate to move, or because it could object to being moved. The purpose should be to determination so that all of the resources can easily access the point of delivery. There are two types of this layout forming and treating, in which the nature of the materials changes, and assembly, like a spaceship building.Process layout Its characteristic is that processes with similar needs are located together. The reason for this is that the transforming resources dominate the layout decision. Different products and different customers take routes unique to their own needs through the layout. The vantage is that grouping together common processes should increase their utilisation. Other advantages of process layout are high mix and product tractability, relatively robust in case of disruptions and relatively easy supervision of plant and equipment. Examples are some hospitals departments.Cell layout In cell layout the individual processes are moved together to form a cell. The modify resources entering the operation are preselected to move to one part of the cell in which all the transforming resources to contact their immediate processing needs are located. Transportation costs are reduced, keeping high flexibility and high productivity. Exam ples could be snack bars in supermarkets.Product layout In this case is the convenience of the transformed resources which dominate the operation decision, the opposite of process layout. Everything is arranged around the products progression through the system. The transformed resources flow along a line of process, following a predetermined route. The advantages of this layout are in the first place the low unit cost for high volume and the low staff skill levels needed. An example is a canteen, in which the sequence of customers requirements is generally common for all customers.As shown in the figure below, volume and variety have different effects on the layouts flow. When volume is very high and variety very low, continuous flow must be the major issue, when variety is very high and volume very low flow should be intermittent.

Technological Advancement of the 19th Century

The end of the nineteenth century brought about a huge change in the way the United States worked as a nation, making the United States the humankinds most arable nation. The nation as a whole was advancing rapidly and newfound inventions were bringing about new ways of life. Due to the invention railroads and efficient machinery, there was a rise in big businesses which were face to expand as much as possible. Initially, nearing the end of the nineteenth century, railroads covered majority of the United States.Railroads calmed the latent hostility of transporting goods and materials, helping further the production of goods. The invention of railroads was the seed that helped big businesses grow. The making of railroads efficiently helped move large, bulge out items that contributed to further drop the cost of transporting goods to the national market. During this time, Cornelius Vanderbilt, a railroad magnate gained great power and fortunes from join smaller rail lines into n ational corporations.The invention of railroads itself sparked the railroad assiduity and helped to lower transportation prices in an already suppressed economy. Likewise, the invention of railroads not only promoted goods but it also promoted the marque application. With railroads being constructed hastily, the steel industry and hit a big boom and almost became a major industry. The steel business was managed by a man named Andrew Carnegie and this big boom in the industry made the steel business vaunting which made Carnegie rich.Times changing with the invention of the railroad and people looking for work gave businesses the advantage to expand and rise. Carnegie bought up all the iron mines and took on coal as a partner for his industry to lead in the steel industry. He produced steel cheaply and lowered his prices, which allowed him buy out any other steel company which made his company expand and be dominant in the steel industry, thus monopolizing the industry in a proces s known as vertical integration.Furthermore, with the combination of proficient machinery and continental railroads, they both(prenominal) helped to form not only fast transportation and better consumer products but it also helped to build a nation. The United States was becoming an urban nation by the end of the 19th century. Railroads supplied cities and towns with food, fuel, building materials, and access to markets. Railroads pull down helped shape the physical growth of cities and towns. Railroads also attracted many tourists to the United States and helped provide many cities with imported goods.In summation, in response to the Industrial Age, the United States changed and adapted in numerous ways. Machinery and industrialization helped stimulate the United States economy, furthered urban expansion and helped the United States grow into the business world it is today. The United States was and still is advancing and leading the world as the most productive nation, making th e Industrial Age one of the biggest impacts in American history. As a last thought, who would have thought that a nation could be built from just a simple railroad built from steel?

Irony in Macbeth Essay

Dramatic Irony is the result of information world sh ared with the earshot but withheld from one or to a greater extent of the characters. Example In coiffe 1 delineation 4, line 50 , the witches hail Macbeth, thane of Cawdor Dramatic banter At this point, Macbeth is unaware that the mightiness has conferred this mention upon him because of his valor in battle, so he attributes his fortune to the witches prophecy. How incessantly, the audience knows Dun screw made the pronouncement in Act 1, Scene 3. designing This dramatic irony is to show Macbeths belief that the witches speak the truth and are responsible for his success.This belief can, and does, influence his future actions. Example In Act 1, Scene 6, line 1, Duncan swans, This fastness hath a pleasant seat Dramatic irony When Duncan reaches the castle, he sapiditys secure and welcome at the spot of his loyal kinsmen. However, the audience is aware that he may be kill that very night. It is in like manner dry th at he calls the castle a pleasant seat, when its the place where he is eventually killed. Purpose This irony is to contribute to suspense. Since the audience knows more than the character, the audience is positioned to wait for the character to gain awareness.Irony in Macbeth In Shakespeares Macbeth there was a lot of irony, and Shakespeare intended the irony of the looseness to build and wield suspense, while creating a weak sense of attention. For example, the irony in the play started out primordial, with the witches prophecies to Macbeth and Banquo. The prophecies to Macbeth were all dry paradoxes. In Act I, Scene iii, the witches told Macbeth, All hail, Macbeth that shalt be poove hereafter. This prophecy was ironic because even though it was true, it did not turn out how Macbeth expected it to.Macbeth probably persuasion that being the king would be outstanding. He would be rich, everyone would respect him, hed defecate all the power in Scotland, and he thought that that would make him happy. Of course, since the witches prophecies were cleverly designed to manipulate his weak mind, Macbeth killed Duncan to satisfy his ambition. In Act III, Scene ii, doll Macbeth and Macbeth were discussing their feelings about being king and queen of Scotland after the murder. Said Lady Macbeth, Noughts had, alls spent. Where our desire is got without content Tis safer to be that which e destroy than, by destruction, dwell in doubtful joy. In Act III, Scene i Macbeth said of the witches and the murder, For them the gracious Duncan have I murdered put rancours in the vessel of my peace only for them and mine eternal jewel given to the car park enemy of man. In those sentences, we can see the irony in the witches prophecies. The implied pith of the witches prophecies was that Macbeth would be king. Macbeth took this to mean that he would be a happy king, and so dreams of him on the throne appeared.He thought that becoming king would be easy, he just had to get Duncan out of the way. Everything turned out as Macbeth had imagined, except that he was not happy as the king. The guilt from Duncans murder, not to mention that of Banquos, made being the king a horrible experience for Macbeth, all because of the witches. This irony would make the audience mistrust the witches in the rear of their minds, and therefore also put a vague fear over the whole play, because of the realisation of the witches stern sinister determination to disrupt peace and order in Scotland.Another excellent example of irony in the play starts in Act II, Scene ii, shortly after the murder of Duncan. Macbeth had just connected the malicious act to satisfy his unchecked ambition, and he was quite shocked. In his wrangling, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? The emotional effects of the murder hadnt quite gotten through to Lady Macbeth yet, and so she nonchalantly replied, A little water clears us of this deed. ultimately though, Lady Macbeths conscience affected her mind adversely, giving her a deep emotional disturbance.In Act V, Scene i, Lady Macbeth had a fear of the dark and she had started sleep walk and talking to herself. As she was wandering the castle one night, she was obsessed with trying to wash the blood that she still felt and smell from her hands, a huge change from Act II, Scene ii. She said, Out, damned stop out I say and continued with, What, will these hands neer be clean? This is definitely very ironic, since early in the play Lady Macbeth dismissed Macbeths concerns with little thought, and one would expect her not to ever think of them again.As we can see in the play though, what was once a trifle to Lady Macbeth soon became a major issue when the realisation of what she had make in Duncans murder eventually set in. As far as the audience is concerned, they would probably be shocked after the murder of Duncan, and find Lady Macbeths responses to Macbeths hysteria discomforting, thinking that Lady Macbeth must be a very evil person indeed. Later on though, when Lady Macbeth broke down mentally, the audience would feel a bit more of a vague sense of fear when they were reminded by Lady Macbeth of how fearsome Duncans murder really was.She was very composed at first, but soon she realised that she had done something horrendous and because of that realisation she died soon afterward. Another prime example of the plays irony can be found in Act I, Scene vii, shortly onwards Duncans murder. The irony in this eyeshot is called dramatic irony, meaning that the audience is aware of what is about to happen but the actors are not. For example, before this facet the audience has heard Macbeths soliloquies about murdering the king, and has been exposed to the mood-setting opening scenes.By now the audience would probably be on the edge of their seats, waiting for Macbeth to slip a dagger out of his easy lay and run towards Duncan. To the part of the audience that would be expecting this, the next scene would be often different than they would have imagined. Act I, Scene vii is set outside of Macbeths castle, in broad daylight (unlike well-nigh of the scenes in the play). When Duncan arrives, he comments, This castle hath a pleasant seat the air nimbly and sweetly recommends itself unto our benignant senses. Banquo is quick to agree, and he comments on the nice birds in the sky. Lady Macbeth, on the other hand, has taken to graciously welcoming the guests.The scene ends with Duncan taking Lady Macbeths hand, and allowing her to lead him into the castle of death to his murderer. This scene is a prime example of irony because its real meaning is much different that it appears. Looking at the scene alone, one would conclude that Duncan and the Macbeths are good friends, and this is just another pleasant visit.In its context though, this scene is the beginning of Macbeths murder spree, and so the sunlight, birds, and nice weather make the scen e all the more ironic. Apart from giving the audience a sense of brooding violence and veiled threats, this scene would also built a lot of suspense. When people saw Duncan walk into the palace, many would (rightly) suspect that he was walking obliviously to his doom. In short, this scenes dramatic irony was a key factor in moulding the plays suspense. Another excellent example of irony occurs in Act IV, Scene ii shortly before the Macduffs are murdered.In the scene Lady Macduff was angry at her husband for fleeing to England, difference her defenceless. Her son is talking to her, telling her how hell live without his father. He says that hell live like birds do, meaning living with what they get. The implied meaning in the beginning of this scene is that Lady Macbeths son will do just what he said he would, hell live with what hell get, and keep on living. His words are a paradox though, since the literal meaning of his words is much different than the implied meaning.Once he fin ishes his speech, some of Macbeths hit men run in and stab him. The literal meaning of what he said, that hed live with what hed get is so much different than his implied meaning because he definitely got what he got, but he definitely didnt keep on living. The irony of this would reinforce what Macbeth was motto at the time, that life is pointless, and would help to add to the malicious atmosphere of the play by making the audience feel as if what they did in life didnt really matter. In conclusion, Macbeth is full of irony.The irony in Macbeth is there to add to the suspense and the malicious mood of the play. Without the irony in Macbeth, the play would have been much different. For example, if Duncans visit to the castle took place at night, in the middle of a thunderstorm, with the Macbeths being dirty to him and the witches egging Macbeth on, the play would have lacked a good deal of suspense, and the audience might begin to get bored of the play, since it would not change m uch and it would be easy to predict what would happen.If the witches hadnt made their paradoxical prophecies to Macbeth, the play would be missing a lot of irony and the audience wouldnt get much fear from watching the play, since they would just reason that Macbeth was insane to begin with. In short, the play, Macbethwouldnt have been such an interesting, suspenseful, or terrifying play without irony. Clearly, Shakespeare intended the irony of the play to build and maintain suspense, while creating a vague sense of fear.

Drivers Education for Students with Multiple Disabilities Essay

Students with multiple disabilities are those who are experiencing more than that one form of disability. Disability may be mental or physical or conclave of both that hinders one from performing various life activities. Such students require much care as they cannot fully do what is required of them with help from another person. Such students should be given helpful development that would enable them contribute to the economy. Drivers direction for students with multiple disabilities is required for none of the curriculum has considered this during their planning and implementation.Research header The main purpose of the paper is to identify whether there is any need to have drivers education for the muckle with multiple disabilities to offer services in special schools and in public schools. Another aim of the search is to determine how this education would be offered and what type of disability would benefit from the drivers education. How effective would this education be to the disabled. defense of the queryStudents with multiple disabilities cannot perform a number of activities an able student can perform this justifies the research because there is a need to have to have the disabled contribute to the nation building and economy. Drivers education would be necessary for the multi disabled students for there are those who can drive effectively despite of the disability. criticism of the bibliography The provided bibliography would help in providing a critical review for the research and will give enough belles-lettres as to whether this drivers education for students with multiple disability is needed and to what extent.Bibliography (Video)The Los Angeles Club of the Deaf Story. DeBee Communications, 6965 El Camino Real, Ste. 105, Carlsbad, CA 92009 Bowe, F. (1978)Handicapping the States Barriers to disabled people, Harper & Row, Disability and Chronic Disease Quarterly, Department of Sociology, Brandeis University, Disability Grapevine Onlin e brand-newsletter. http//www. disabilitygrapevine. com/ Disability Studies Online Magazine. http//www. disabilitystudies. com/index. htm Gary L. (2005)Encyclopedia of disability, apt Publ. , Gary L. et al. , eds. (2006) Encyclopedia of Disability.5 vols. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage worldly concernations Health Ethics, Policy and Law, Cornell Journal of Law and Public http//papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=950878 Johnstone, D. (2001) An Introduction to Disability Studies, , 2nd edition, Kaushik, R. (1999) Access Denied Can we overcome disabling attitudes , Museum International (UNESCO) , Vol. 51, No. 3, p. 48-52. Leonardi M Bickenback, J Ustin TB Kostanjsek N Chatterji S, and on behalf of the MHADIE Consortium (2006) The definition of disability what is in a find?, Lancet 368(9543) 1219-1221 Mitra S (2006) The Capability Approach and Disability Journal of Disability National Center on Disability and Journalism.http//www. ncdj. org/links. html Paul T. (2005)Understandin g Disability Inclusion, Access, Diversity, and Civil Rights. Westport, CT Greenwood Policy Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 236-247 Policy, 15(2) 403-482 http//papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=931703 Ruger JP (1998) Aristotelian justice and Health Policy Capability and Incompletely Theorized Agreements Harvard University, Ph.D. Thesis Ruger JP (2003) Health and Development Lancet, 362 (9385) 678 Ruger JP (2006) Health, Capability, and Justice Toward a New Paradigm of Ruger JP (2006) Measuring Disparities in Healthcare, British Medical Journal, 333274 http//papers. ssrn. com/sol3/papers. cfm? abstract_id=934987 Ruger JP (2007) Rethinking Equal Access Agency, Quality and Norms, international Public Health, 2(1) 78-96 Sen AK (2002) Health perception versus observation British Medical Journal 324860-861Terzi L (2004) The Social feigning of Disability A Philosophical Critique, Journal of Applied philosophical system, 21 (2) 141-157 Terzi L (2005) Beyond the plight of Diff erence The capability approach on disability and special educational needs, Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39 (3) 443-459 Terzi L (2006) Beyond the Dilemma of Difference the capability approach to disability and special educational needs R. Cigman (ed. ) Included or Excluded? The Challenge of the Mainstream for some SEN Children. London Routledge

Employment and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Employment and Society - Essay good exampleIt is in best interest of society as well as economy to avoid redundance as much as it is possible. To have economic growth one desires to avoid the redundancy, race representation down on the numbers that need to be redundant and devise some strategies that will aliment the society prepared to mitigate the losses caused by redundancies.It is in best advantage of the employer to avoid redundancies in general and gender redundancy in particular as it calls for hate crime and discrimination. An effective way to tackle the redundancy is to collectively address it and on occasional basis consult with the trade and placement unions. The employers must discuss with the workers representatives parties and with mutual consent should reach some agreements so that in that location would be a win-win situation for both parties(Godwin, 2010). Some of the nasty situations that cam give rise to redundancies are increase over-times but with pay freez es. These situations can be avoided by reducing work hours, re-training of employees in case of innovative and improved business cycle, recruitment cycle freezing in time of recession and finally tolerant both genders equal chances to get the employment.(Davis, 2010)Employers must give the workers representative the number of employees that need to be redundant, the proposals for them in re routine, the pay scales and time scale that are offering at the certain aim of the redundancy. The consultation should reach an agreement and no decisions shall be made before the consultation actually takes place. Retaining employees is further less costly than hiring and developing new employees. Every organization can give it a try on though how a particular organization can avoid redundancies is purely dependent up on certain aspects such as the structure of organization, the forecasting that how long it will be down turn for you, the type and nature of work employees are engaged in and impact of profitability on attribute crunch.Some of

Industry project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Industry project - Assignment ExampleWomen are expected by culture to remain home and respect their husbands (Shallal, 2011.They also expressed that they felt neuronal to work in places that were highly male dominated. In addition, with oil discovery, women have highly expressed reluctance in jobs since their husbands provide everything. It is out of these demands following the career woman in UAE that made them highly dissatisfy with their work. In fact, women exhibited conflicting preferences when it came to working and home chores and usually resulted to absenteeism, poor turn over as comfortably as deteriorated health.According to Les & Baruch, various aspects hindered go forees in dispensing their duties. These challenges added to employee dissatisfaction or demoralization in the gist East. One of the challenges include corruption as well as political interference in the customary domain. Moreover, the Organizations in the Middle East were to blame for employee dissatisf action owing to meager salaries offered as well as unsuitable working conditions in the public sector. Other reason for the employee dissatisfaction was owing to the fact that there were no reward mechanisms to recognize the employees efforts. Many employees also did not comprehend their jobs and were very confused with what to do. In addition, the employees did not comprehend what their supervisors role was in the work place and their leaders would. The other challenge projected was that the public sector did not offer frequent training to its workers and this made them perform badly.Moreover, Alabdelkarim, Muftah & Hodgson theme was an interesting study concerning employee dissatisfaction. The study explained the concept of emiratisation whereby the government offered jobs to the locals who had the required skills. On the other hand, the private sector did not employ locals out of the belief that they were under skilled

Authentically Human Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Authentically human - Essay ExampleHe suffers from a looped life in which he repeats incomplete actions anxiously. DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) operating room improves a patients brain and helps their lives. After a patient is diagnosed with OCD, doctors can request a DBS surgery. However, after surgery, patients minds be under the control of doctors. In effect, patients do not have the ability to control their feelings and behaviors. However, patients can be able to control themselves and behaviors, as a basic human being. In the essay Al peerless in concert by Sherry Turkle, she explores how robots could engage in intimate relationships with persons, as well as become a dampen life. People consider the ethical aspects of technological controls. Technology controls peoples feelings and constructs the virtual world, which damages cordial lives that separate the people from the reality. In essence, overreliance on the technologies cannot do anything on its own.Technologies become intimating with the virtual world rather than an authentic world, which is they drift people away from the real life through controlling their feelings. One of the problems associated with the mathematical function of DBS is that people change their emotions very rapidly and unreasonably. Slater expresses that along with the development of medical technology, the use of advance medical technology drives improvement in the fight against diseases such as OCD. This technique was established on DBS treatment, which can lock off a part of humans feelings in order to treat OCD. Mario, who becomes one of the first American psychiatric patients, explains his experiences. He feels that the diagnosis and treatment process that he received from Dr. Greenberg and Rasmussen benefited him a great deal and saved his life. She says, When Mario talks about that time now, tears come to his eyes. It was like a miracle, I still have some OCD symptoms but way, way less. Dr. Greenberg and Rasmussen s aved my life (241). However, DBS works to bring

Reflections on Learning Related to Information Systems Research Paper

Reflections on Learning Related to Information Systems - Research Paper physical exertionOOP is also quite responsive to changes undertaken and the changes may be implemented to the individual objects which do not bid for a system overhaul. Through encapsulation thither is simplicity and effectiveness in object interaction and converse thus testing, debugging and system maintenance is simplified. Easier to manage because of the fact that code can be re utilise and also because the functionality is copy using objects and classes. It is possible to use code which has been written before. There is code re-use. With object oriented programming, there is a lot of flexibility because it is possible to get code which performs the same function for a prone functionality. Computer science is a field in science hich deals with computer scheme while that of I have learnt m either things in this course. Systems increase is a new branch in information and communications technology. Develop ing information systems is an in-chief(postnominal) process that should be taken into consideration. Systems development is becoming an important vista in information and communication technology. Softwargon Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used to monitor and manage the development of a software. SDLC is an important model that is used to manage the whole process. It is important in developing a software output which is reliable and valid. It therefore acts as a exit when developing a software product (Schneider 2010). The development process of a software product entails a lot of steps. All these steps should be followed up in its entirety to ensure that all(a) the processes are captured in the development process. For a good software to be developed, there is need to ensure that all the steps are followed extensively so that the occurrence of bugs can be minimized. SDLC also helps as a guide in collecting data that is used to design the software. In the design of a so ftware, it is lordly that the software meets the requirements of the users so that their needs are met. I have learnt that there are various stages that systems development will undergo in order to have acomplete system. Systems design undergoes a lot of processes and stages. This is taken so that all the processes that are required have been made. This is the reason there is a need to have a thorough system analysis process when creating a system. System analysis entails having a thorough collar of the system and what will need to be integrated and also looking at the possible bugs that ability be introduced in the system. It is therefore important to have a physical representation of the system so that it becomes clear what needs to be achieved. In terms of systems theory, I have learnt that systems theory is an important theory that needs to be followed when developing information systems. Systems theory was developed from unified data modeling. Use cases on the other(a) hand describe the behavior of the system in the event of stimulation by any of the actors. The behavior is then documented or described textually. It describes the arousals and outputs from the actors the process of conversion of the inputs to produce the outputs and the effects of the outputs to the other actors of the system. A use case also describes errors that can be encountered in the process of conversion of input to output and explains the possible mitigation